Salem Witch Trial

Salem Witch Trial Seventeenth century Salem, Massachusetts saw the popularization of witch trials where three hundred forty four (344) people were accused of being witches (DuBois Dumenil, 2012). The accusation which became known as witchcraft hysteria in history stunned the whole town. It was first initiated by three (3) young girls who were relatives of the town reverend, Reverend Samuel Parris (Brett, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Salem Witch Trial specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reverend’s daughter Elizabeth together with two (2) other girls played a game where they asked Tibuba, the Caribe Indian slave, to tell them their fortunes. What started out as something for fun became horrifying as the girls started to act unusual, throwing bizarre fits and â€Å"distempers† (Brett, 2009). Although no one really knew the real cause of these fits and bizarre behaviors, it was clear that the victims were sufferi ng from physical and mental difficulties. The victims experienced physical and mental pains such as vomiting and temporary blindness and hallucination. The girls would scream from the pain they are undergoing. They would hallucinate of seeing the Devil. They would claim that the Devil was telling them to sign his book and join him to be his loyal followers. These strange behaviors made the townspeople of Salem panic. One local physician, William Griggs, was unable to determine the cause of the girls’ sickness. He suggested to Reverend Parris that the source of these victims’ uncanny conditions might be the result of witchcraft (Brett, 2009). Though such claim had no concrete basis, the townspeople truly believed that the town of Salem was indeed haunted by witches. The people also believed that it was their God given right to eliminate such supernatural beings for the betterment of mankind. The girls were brought into intense questioning which resulted to the naming of three (3) women as witches. The identified accused were Sarah Good, an elder beggar, Sarah Osborne, a woman known for having an adulterous affair and the slave Tituba. The last woman accused admitted that she was a witch when she was interrogated and pointed out others as being witches. This begun the witch hunt of 1692 (Brett, 2009). As the three (3) women were arrested the girls still sustained their peculiar behaviors and continued to accuse other people. The prison cells of Salem overflew with accused witches. Eighty percent (80%) of them were found guilty based on heresy. No clear evidences were presented. Analyzing the cases of Anne Hutchinson (DuBois Dumenil, 2012), Bridget Bishop (Ray, 2003), and Lady Phips (Brett, 2009), I can therefore conclude that the accusers, which are mostly powerful men running the society, are pushing the blame onto supernatural beliefs for the turmoil the town of Salem was experiencing. In the year 1692 Salem had been experiencing bad weather whi ch reduced harvests, an epidemic of small pox had swept the town where many were affected of the sickness and the Indians renewed their attacks on the frontier settlements (Brett, 2009). There was also an internal conflict as Salem was divided into two (2) groups, Salem Town and Salem Village.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Salem Town was a popular place for trade where merchants and businessmen dwell while Salem Village was a place for farmers to plant their crops. For many years Salem Village wanted to be a separate township. Salem Village even had their own separate ministry (Brett, 2009). It was later found out that most of the accused, namely Hutchinson, Bishop and Phips were members of the anti-Parris faction. They belonged to a group where they did not approved of the separation of Salem Village from Salem Town. It all seemed like a dramatic plot for Parris and his cla n to blame the political and social conditions of Salem on witchcraft. As time passed by, women were becoming more empowered. Notice that most accused were women who were unpopular in society. They are those who have very strong personalities and who have tendencies to go against the male dominated society of Salem. Women were becoming more assertive in the seventeenth century thus it seems to me that one of the solutions of the Parris movement was to punish those who are threats so they can still continue the male dominated society (DuBois Dumenil, 2012). Anne Hutchinson was accused of being a witch because she acted a male role of being a religious teacher and ministering to men and women in her home (DuBois Dumenil, 2012). Bridget Bishop was married three (3) times thus she was accused of being a witch by using her sexual prowess to seduce men although at the time of her trial she was about sixty (60) years old (Ray, 2003). Lastly Lady Phips, the wife of politician William Phip s was also accused of being a witch. My suspect is her husband was disliked by the Parris faction thus she was named a witch. After thorough research, I think that both the accused and accusers were all influenced by hearsay. The logical judgments of the accusers were clouded by their fear of political and social change thus resulting to them pushing the blame on witchcraft which cannot explain logical facts. The accusers took advantage of the ignorance of the people to make them believe that it was indeed supernatural causes which made the town of Salem suffer. They used their positions in society to influence the public in punishing those who are delinquent in society. It is sad for the accused because they suffer the injustice brought upon them by false accusations and hearsays with no concrete proof. The accused were brought to court for trial and questioning but before they could defend themselves the judges and jurors already found them guilty. They were just attacked on the s tand. The people in the court room would just find faults on the accused to further prove they were guilty. It seemed a hopeless case for the accused because no one seemed to believe them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Salem Witch Trial specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The â€Å"victims† acted out in pain when the accused would refer to them. The people witnessing court trials would sympathize with the victims even if there were no logical reasons or evidences supporting the claims of the latter. In the case of Bridget Bishop, when she was questioned during her trial at first she opted to go for denial but when all her claims were ignored and the judge continued to attack her stance she grew weary and angry. Her behavior was seen as a sign of guilt thus she was proclaimed guilty and was executed (Ray, 2003). People’s social behaviors were the basis of determining whether or not they practiced witchcr aft. Women were primary victims because in seventeenth century society, they are only seen as someone who tends the household and children. If they would practice roles of men they were seen as socially unacceptable. This was the case for Anne Hutchinson who assumed the role of a man as a religious teacher (DuBois Dumenil, 2012). Hutchinson’s actions alone displayed unacceptable social behavior in a male dominated society. She became a threat because she was seen as someone who had a voice thus power. Her innocence became difficult to prove when most of her jurors were conservative men who believed that women should only bear and rear children and take care of the household. Hutchinson was also giving religious advice to men and women thus she was a threat because she knew how to lead and she had followers to back her up. Though the accusers cannot prove her guilt through these given facts they resulted to witchcraft, claiming that Hutchinson was possessed by the Devil thatà ¢â‚¬â„¢s why she held weekly meetings in discussing religion (DuBois Dumenil, 2012). Social behaviors were important in seventeenth century Salem especially during the witch hunt hysteria. Anyone can be suspected of being a witch if they act socially unacceptable. For the protection of the people it would always be best to act according to what society dictates but by doing so the political and social leaders controlled the people. The leaders would always have the power to dictate the people. If they do not wish to follow they would be accused and oppressed. In this scenario the people will never have the freedom of speech and expression. Sarah Osborne (Brett, 2009) and Bridget Bishop (Ray, 2003) were both accused of being witches because of their inappropriate social behaviors. They were both considered adulterous women by the Bible. Osborne was known to have an adulterous affair and Bishop was married three (3) times. In order to punish them for their personal affairs they were both accused of being witches and thus executed. Salem as a town is popular for being a place of witches in myths and novels. Before researching and studying the topic, I was familiar with Salem as a place where witches dwell but after doing my homework I found out that the whole event was a big injustice to the poor and helpless who were merely expressing themselves.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The witch hysteria was all brought out by greedy political leaders who wanted to place blame on the innocent for the problematic conditions of the town. It was not surprising that the officials would push the blame on the helpless but what was surprising was how the people got carried away and lost their logical sense of judgments to the idea of witchcraft. Reference List Brett, L. (2009). Salem Witch Trials. Master File Premier, 1 – 2. Web. DuBois, E. Dumenil, L. (2012). Through Women’s Eyes: An American History with Documents. Los Angeles, California: Bedford/ St. Martin’s. Ray, B. (2003). Salem Witch Trials. OAH Magazine of History, 32-36.

The Running Style in English Prose

The Running Style in English Prose The free-running style, said Aristotle in his book On Rhetoric, is the kind that has no natural stopping-places, and comes to a stop only because there is no more to say of that subject (Book Three, Chapter Nine). Its a sentence style often used by excited children: And then Uncle Richard took us to the Dairy Queen and we had ice cream and I had strawberry and the bottom of my cone fell off and there was ice cream all over the floor and Mandy laughed and then she threw up and Uncle Richard took us home and didnt say anything. And the running style was favored by the 19th-century American poet Walt Whitman: The early lilacs became part of this child,And grass, and white and red morning-glories, and white and red clover, and the song of the phoebe-bird,And the Third-month lambs, and the sow’s pink-faint litter, and the mare’s foal, and the cow’s calf,And the noisy brood of the barn-yard, or by the mire of the pond-side,And the fish suspending themselves so curiously below thereand the beautiful curious liquid,And the water-plants with their graceful flat headsall became part of him.(There Was a Child Went Forth, Leaves of Grass) The running style often appears in the Bible: And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell: and great was the fall of it.(Matthew, 7:27) And Ernest Hemingway built his career on it: In the fall the war was always there, but we did not go to it any more. It was cold in the fall in Milan and the dark came very early. Then the electric lights came on, and it was pleasant along the streets looking in the windows. There was much game hanging outside the shops, and the snow powdered in the fur of the foxes and the wind blew their tails. The deer hung stiff and heavy and empty, and small birds blew in the wind and the wind turned their feathers. It was a cold fall and the wind came down from the mountains.(In Another Country) In contrast to the periodic sentence style, with its carefully layered subordinate clauses, the running style offers a relentless succession of simple and compound structures. As Richard Lanham observes in Analyzing Prose (Continuum, 2003), the running style gives the appearance of a mind at work, making things up as it goes along, with sentences mimicking the rambling, associative syntax of conversation. In The New Oxford Guide to Writing (1988), Thomas Kane itemizes the virtues of the running style- which he calls the freight-train style: It is useful when you wish to link a series of events, ideas, impressions, feelings, or perceptions as immediately as possible, without judging their relative value or imposing a logical structure upon them. . . .The sentence style directs our senses much as a camera directs them in a film, guiding us from one perception to another, yet creating a continuous experience. The freight-train style, then, can analyze experience much like a series of segregating sentences. But it brings the parts more closely together, and when it uses multiple coordination, it achieves a high degree of fluidity. In the essay Paradox and Dream, John Steinbeck adopts the running (or freight-train) style to identify some of the conflicting elements in the American character: We fight our way in, and try to buy our way out. We are alert, curious, hopeful, and we take more drugs designed to make us unaware than any other people. We are self-reliant and at the same time completely dependent. We are aggressive, and defenseless. Americans overindulge their children; the children in turn are overly dependent on their parents. We are complacent in our possessions, in our houses, in our education; but it is hard to find a man or woman who does not want something better for the next generation. Americans are remarkably kind and hospitable and open with both guests and strangers; and yet they will make a wide circle around the man dying on the pavement. Fortunes are spent getting cats out of trees and dogs out of sewer pipes; but a girl screaming for help in the street draws only slammed doors, closed windows, and silence. Clearly such a style can be effective in short bursts. But like any sentence style that calls attention to itself, the running style can easily wear out its welcome. Thomas Kane reports on the downside of the running style: The freight-train sentence implies that the thoughts it links together with grammatical equality are equally significant. But usually ideas are not of the same order of importance; some are major; others secondary. Moreover, this type of construction cannot show very precise logical relationships of cause and effect, condition, concession, and so on. To convey more complex relationships between ideas in our sentences, we generally shift from coordination to subordinationor, to use rhetorical terms, from parataxis to hypotaxis.

Review a movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Review a movie - Essay Example Film Unforgiven (1992); shows the era when old Wild West was changing into modern west. Opening of the movie clearly shows the main theme behind the movie. Era of Wild West falling and rising of a new era; that is rising of modern west. This film hides brutal realities of Wild West that were present through all the area of Wild West. Robbery, violence and bounty hunting were normal attributes of the Wild West. Also sheriff which goes cruel or brutal in the movie shows non judicial murders done by sheriff department to keep law and order of the village or society they are responsible for. There is a great amount of violence present in the movie. Also hero of movie is person which is acting as a villain throughout the movie. Concepts of dignity, self respect, life and death are narrated continuously in the movie again and again by narrators (Milan). L.A confidential was a movie released in 1997. This movie devises ways to analyze movies. L.A confidential is based on the concept that movies itself are the major cause of the spreading violence and other crimes including sexual assault most of the females face in city of Los Angles. Generally concepts like freedom of doing everything any time is one of the major causes addressed my L.A confidential as their main subject. Justice system is the next subjected targeted by the makers. Movie introduces three cops with three different personalities and characters. Youngest one is the newly breed of the department and is loyal to law and its applications. Other one is a criminal having a police badge doing crimes under the supervision of his captain. According to the makers behind L.A confidential the concept of liberty that is greatly propagated by movies is totally wrong and opposite to idea itself. There should be controlled liberty for proper balance and progress of a society regardi ng justice system. If this balance disturbed there will be no

Development of ACETO as a Human Health Products Corporation Essay - 15

Development of ACETO as a Human Health Products Corporation - Essay Example The percentage of US consumers is at 68%, most of whom are reliable consumers. This increase in the dollar amounts from assets and sales is due to the quality of products that have stood out amidst a heated competitive ground. Aceto Corporation relies on its underlying entities like long-term assets and this poses a threat to its future financial performance (Aceto Corporation, 2015). The derivatives act as a hedge for any modifications of prices or accessing markets that are not easy to penetrate. In the case of huge price adjustments, over-reliance on the underlying entities may affect the revenue generated and therefore interfere with ACETO’s net profit. Such occurrences can affect the share value including the confidence of potential investors. Some of the operational items recorded in the news release by Aceto Corporation include multiple sales that have increased by over 100%. The statistics released late 2014 reveal that ACETO has a lot of potential in terms of satisfying a growing market and maintaining a quality of products. The performance chemicals were a strategic item in 2014 that led to increased profits. This growth in demand as a result of improvement in product mix which was warmly received by the consumers (Aceto Corporation, 2015). Human health and pharmaceuticals was a great pillar that upheld the rapid increase in sales amounting to over 70% gross profits. This backed up the strategy transforming ACETO into an organization that provides for human health products.  Ã‚  

The Reagan Tax Cuts And Foreign Policy Essay -- essays research papers

The Reagan Tax Cuts and Foreign Policy During the 1980's President Ronald Reagan's (our 40th president from 1981 to 1989) domestic policy of a substantial tax cut led to greatly increased economic prosperity for our country. During Reagan's administration marked changes were made to the tax code and economic statistics showed a major change for the better. However, at the same time, the Democrats controlled the Congress and continued increased spending against Reagan's wishes. The Joint Economic Committee stated that an across-the-board tax cut was not new. In the 20's the Mellon tax cuts were implemented by Secretary of Treasury Andrew Mellon during the Administrations of Hoover, Harding, and Coolidge. In the 60's Kennedy introduced tax cuts. In both instances the decrease of high marginal tax rates somehow increased tax payments by the rich. Perhaps a foreshadow of things to come. Debates were raging over the Reagan tax cuts, known as the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (or, ERTA). This act was designed to spur savings, investment, work, and economic efficiency. This policy would impose a 25% across-the-board cut in personal marginal tax rates. In the act of decreasing marginal tax rates, and stimulating economic incentives, ERTA would increase the flow of resources into production, thus lifting economic growth. This policy received much criticism because its opponents argued that ERTA would be a giveaway to the rich, because their tax payments would collapse. Reagan worked hard and skillfully with the congress to obtain legislation to stimulate economic growth and curb inflation, he embarked upon a course to cut taxes and curb inflation. President Reagan was able to sign into law a tax cut in late 1981 even though congressional Democrats tried to block his cuts. All tax payers received these cuts which helped to spur the economy. The cuts were taken over three years with a 5% cut in 1981, a 10% cut for 1982, and in 1983 another 10% cut. Reagan's call for extensive changes in the federal income tax laws helped bring about passage of the Tax Reform Act of 1986. In 1986 Reagan introduced the Tax Reform act of 1986. The tax reform act of 1986 chopped taxes, and indexed taxes for inflation as well. During Reagan's first term the inflation rate was at -5.7%, unemployment was at1.4%, interest rates were at -.7, and the gross na... ... The aides had then illegally given some of the arms money to contra guerrillas. Conclusion The Reagan Tax cuts showed that reducing excessive tax rates stimulates growth, reduces tax avoidance, and can increase the share of tax payments given by the rich. With respect to foreign policy Reagan's performances especially with Mikhail Gorbachev showed a high approval of performance with the people. Reagan had the highest poll ratings for performance of any president since World War 2. It appears that his leadership helped to make the feeling of the country to have a more confident outlook on the future. References "Iran-Contra Affair," Microsoft ® Encarta ® 96 Encyclopedia 1993-1995. 1996 Grolier Interactive Inc. Edition copyright  © 1992 by Houghton Mifflin Company. http://www.house.gov/joe/welcome.html http://www.reaganhome.com/taxcuts.html http://www.theatlantic.com/atlantic/election/connections/foreign/reagrus.htm Hyland, W.G., ed., The Reagan Foreign Policy (1987). The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language, Third The Atlantic Monthly, February 1994; Reagan and the Russians; Volume 273. The Joint Economic Committee reports on the Reagan Tax Cuts

The School to Works Program in America

In writing her article â€Å"An Avenue to High Academic Standards,† Lynn Olson confronts the tempestuous side of the education system: a recently added component of the curriculum. Olson claims that this new argument would further enhance the quality and practicality of the educational system. The school to works program was introduced in state and federal law in 1994 but its validity and utility is still being disputed over by various concerned parties. Being the senior editor of the national newspaper â€Å"Education Week,† Olson would seem to be well qualified to provide her readers with a persuasive and realistic analysis to an issue that is being widely debated. Olson†s article gives one the impression that this scheme would be a highly beneficial one to our high school students. However, though Olson†s article deals with most of the issues relevant to this scheme, a few areas have not been covered by her. On the whole, it would seem that this scheme should be brought into vogue as soon as possible as suggested by her. Olson has written a very sound article in which she persuades her reader through the means of sound logic well substantiated with real life examples to further strengthen her claims. She makes use of a simple and well-organized diction to enable her wide readership to understand the article. Also Olson†s sources seem to be well founded and used in a logical manner. Olson has written a convincing article because she substantiates her claims with real life examples of different school to work programs. She embarks on this path by giving the examples of a young high school student and that student†s positive and enriching experience with the school to work program. In this particular case, Olson writes that the school to work program helps this rudderless student to find her vocation in life and thus make a valuable contribution to society. She further adds that this student†s experience is not an isolated one and that numerous students have benefited from this program Olson also writes â€Å"Studies suggest that school-to-work programs can help address one of the greatest problems in education: motivation†. However, she writes that this program solves this problem and she substantiates this by giving the example of the 1994 evaluation of Pro-Tech, a Boston school- to work program. In this evaluation it was found that students who participated in these programs decided to take more rigorous math and physics courses than their peers. Thus, she proves that this scheme gives the students a clear indication about the direct link that exists between a good quality education and a good job. Therefore, these examples in her article enable her to provide her readers with a logical and realistic argument that seems to make sense. However, by providing real life examples to prove her point, Olson is justified in writing that the school to work program provides a self-explanatory answer to the question â€Å"Why do I have to learn this? † Olson further strengthens her case by elaborating some valid reasons that make this program a beneficial one to the students. Olson writes that the school-to-work program â€Å"engage students in active, hands-on-learning rather than teaching solely from textbooks†. She states that the primary aim of this program is to inculcate theoretical knowledge with practical knowledge, thus enabling the student to practice the theory learned in school in daily life. However, Olson does admit that there is still a slight confusion on whether this scheme actually encourages students to pursue higher degrees after they have graduated from high school. She counterbalances this by stating that it does help students who intend to go to college on deciding which major they would want to pursue in college. Furthermore, she also writes that these schemes provide students with the added incentive of acquiring extra credit hours. Olson also pads her argument by stating that this program provides society with an educated and skilled workforce urgently required by firms. The argument put forth by Phyllis Schlafly, in her article â€Å"School to Work will train, not Educate†, that these programs are the cause of economic requirements of society and are not due to educational upliftment is oversimplistic and lacks in logical coherency. Schlafly may have some substance in her theme that these programs would â€Å"cause a person or animal to be efficient in the performance of tasks by responding to discipline, instruction and repeated practice†. However, her entire article uses negative emotion to pursuade her readers to follow her line of thinking. Furthermore, her argument that this program will deprive a child of a sound education is countermanded by Olson†s claim that this program will motivate students to get a better education. Also George Willett†s statement in his e-mail message that â€Å"greater learning occurred where the practical was aligned with the academic†. However, one of the legitimate shortcomings of Olson†s article is that it does not provide her readers with all the information relevant to this topic. Her article has used only the positive sources that strengthen her case but overlooks all negative aspects that could have been assessed and resolved by her. Thus, as pointed out by Schlafly, one of the realistic drawbacks of the scheme is that it may be made a compulsory program with the students having no choice in the matter. In that case, the system would lose all the advantages of encouraging students to learn and would just evolve into modern child slavery, where the student may be forced to work whether or not he or she may want to. Also, she has not looked into the fact that the students would not be able choose their own programs. It would be allotted to them based on their grades and other factors by an appointed body called â€Å"The Workforce Development Board†, which is a very disturbing thought, placing the very ideals of a democracy at risk. This is one of the realistic fears put forth in Schlafly†s article. Also, as pointed out by Brian Faranell in his e-mail message that â€Å"asking a freshman in high school to declare his major is way to early†. This too is a legitimate fear that Schlafly has not confronted in her article. Therefore, it is recommended that the school to work program be an optional program wherein the only requirement is motivated students. Thus, no student should be forced to enroll in this program, as this would be counterproductive to the child†s welfare and make the very reason for its creation obsolete. Also, there should be sufficient choice in the different types of school to work programs, so as to enable students to choose among the various programs, so that they might be able to choose something that corresponds to their courses and which will help them in the future. Presently, there are certain countries that have already inculcated this scheme to their education system. Thus, it would be judicious to study their system for a period of time before going head long into one of our own. This would help in looking at all the shortcomings in their system and avoid them in our own. However, we must keep in mind that our basic society and education system may be different and that what works in those countries may not necessarily work in ours. It may also be a good idea to schedule a convention of teachers and professors and other educators to use their ideas. It should be always remembered that they are an integral part of the system, and the government should always take their opinion into account before enacting any bill. Thus, if all these shortfalls are removed the school to work program seems to be a viable addition to our educative system. Olson has covered none of these areas, in her article, which leads one to believe that she may not have researched the topic well enough or else she may not want to provide any negative aspects to her argument. Though her not confronting these issues may show that these are really serious problems that have no real short term solutions. Hence, her argument might have actually been strengthened if she had confronted these areas and tried to provide some sort of solution to them. However, on the whole her article seems to be well written. She has based her ideas on sound logic, which enables her to provide a coherent and well-organized thesis. She has well developed and organized her use of sources and has analyzed them well. Therefore, it would seem that her article would merit a good reception from the public. Therefore, it would seem that Olson succeeds in her purpose of providing a strong argument for the implementation of this program. However, as said earlier it would have been stronger if it had been comprehensive: tackling the harder issues as well.

Rough Draft on Drug Wars - 846 Words

Rough Draft Thousands upon thousands of lives have been taken due to the huge demand for drugs crossing from Mexico into the United States. The murder rate is extremely high, and has caused so much chaos between both countries because of this. Drug dealers in the United States contact drug dealers in Mexico, and vice versa, to cross the drugs between borders illegally. A high percentage of the time, either of the drug dealers from both sides will have a scape goat swim the border while carrying high amounts of drugs with them, or will attempt to cross it over smuggled in a vehicle. In Mexico, it is extremely corrupt and even the law enforcement is involved in the crossing of drugs illegally. This being done causes so much conflict†¦show more content†¦Those who were never educated on the effects of drug use are most likely going to be the ones to fall victim of peer pressure and eventually get into drugs themselves. In other cases, it is hard to avoid and can be picked up as a child, se eing family members or other individuals doing drugs. We should educate everyone, as well as having no tolerance laws when it comes to hard drugs and giving longer sentences to those who are caught with the drugs, instead of letting them off on probation or parole. Many people would completely disagree with allowing marijuana to be legal, but if you think about it, it could eventually cause the drug violence to end around the world. Marijuana has the least effects out of all the drugs in the world, and although people take it to the extreme, it is honestly a harmless drug and should not be causing this many people to have their lives taken overShow MoreRelatedAppendix L Com/2201060 Words   |  5 PagesSummarize and paraphrase the contents of the two sources, with the intention of using them in your rough draft. 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